Nitrate Removal by Zero-Valent Metals: A Comprehensive Review

Nitrate is a widespread water contaminant that can pose environmental and health risks. Various conventional techniques be applied for the removal of nitrate from wastewater, such as biological denitrification, ion exchange, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis. Compared to traditional methods, chemical denitrification through zero-valent metals offers various advantages, lower costs, simplicity management, high efficiencies. The most utilized material iron (ZVI). Aluminium (ZVA), magnesium (ZVM), copper (ZVC), zinc (ZVZ) are alternative studied well aqueous solutions. To best our knowledge, comprehensive work on use materials employed still missing. Therefore, in present review, recent papers concerning were analysed. studies dealt with discussed by considering microscopic (mZVI) nanoscopic (nZVI) forms. For each Fe0 form, effects initial pH, presence or absence dissolved oxygen, concentration, temperature, ions process separately evaluated. Finally, different support nanoparticles examined. other tested, detailed description works literature was carried out. A comparison features related considered also made.